转自：https://gerrydevstory.com/2014/04/11/unit-testing-using-mysql-in-memory-database-on-spring/

原文：

Unit Testing Using In-Memory MySQL Database On Spring

Well the title lied, there’s no such thing as in-memory MySQL database (or at least I won’t be using it for this article). Instead I will use H2 in-memory database setup to run in “MySQL mode”

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< bean id = "dataSource" class = "org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" >    < property name = "driverClassName" value = "org.h2.Driver" />    < property name = "url" value = "jdbc:h2:mem:testdb;MODE=MySQL;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=FALSE" /> </ bean >

(thanks to joensson for )

If your app just uses plain jdbc then adding above datasource to your test context would be sufficient, but if you use JPA/Hibernate the cost of table setup, scanning etc could be quite significant.

To overcome this you can split the test context using @ContextHierarchy annotation.

In the example below I have unit tests for two DAOs: AccountDAOTest and CustomerDAOTest:

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@ContextHierarchy ({    @ContextConfiguration ( "/test-root-context.xml" ),    @ContextConfiguration ( "AccountDAOTest-context.xml" ) }) @RunWith (SpringJUnit4ClassRunner. class ) public class AccountDAOTest { }

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@ContextHierarchy ({    @ContextConfiguration ( "/test-root-context.xml" ),    @ContextConfiguration ( "CustomerDAOTest-context.xml" ) }) @RunWith (SpringJUnit4ClassRunner. class ) public class CustomerDAOTest { }

By doing this Spring test-root-context.xml will be setup once and reused accross all unit tests. Only put components common to all tests in test-root-context.xml. In my case I put the following:

• DataSource
• EntityManagerFactory
• TransactionManager

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<!-- JDBC Data Source --> < bean id = "dataSource" class = "org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" >    < property name = "driverClassName" value = "org.h2.Driver" />    < property name = "url" value = "jdbc:h2:mem:testdb;MODE=MySQL;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=FALSE" /> </ bean >     <!-- EntityManagerFactory --> < bean class = "org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean" id = "entityManagerFactory" >    < property name = "persistenceUnitName" value = "persistenceUnit" />    < property name = "dataSource" ref = "dataSource" /> </ bean >   <!-- Transaction Manager --> < bean class = "org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager" id = "transactionManager" >    < property name = "entityManagerFactory" ref = "entityManagerFactory" /> </ bean >

All test specific components go into their respective context.

Don’t forget to add <tx:annotation-driven/> if your DAO uses it. This can’t be placed on test-root-context.xml because I don’t scan all my DAOs there.

And lastly — ofcourse — you need to make sure your pom.xml has dependency to spring-test, junit and h2

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< dependency >    < groupId >com.h2database</ groupId >    < artifactId >h2</ artifactId >    < version >1.3.176</ version >    < scope >test</ scope > </ dependency >   < dependency >    < groupId >org.springframework</ groupId >    < artifactId >spring-test</ artifactId >    < version >${org.springframework-version}</ version >    < scope >test</ scope > </ dependency >   < dependency >    < groupId >junit</ groupId >    < artifactId >junit</ artifactId >    < version >4.7</ version >    < scope >test</ scope > </ dependency >

使用java代码进行bean的配置：

@Configuration

@EnableTransactionManagement(proxyTargetClass = true)

@EnableConfigurationProperties(value = {JpaProperties.class,DataSourceProperties.class})

public class MfgMasterInMemoryDBConfig {

// <!-- JDBC Data Source -->

// <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">

// <property name="driverClassName" value="org.h2.Driver"/>

// <property name="url" value="jdbc:h2:mem:testdb;MODE=MySQL;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=FALSE" />

// </bean>

//

//

// <!-- EntityManagerFactory -->

// <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean" id="entityManagerFactory">

// <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="persistenceUnit" />

// <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />

// </bean>

//

// <!-- Transaction Manager -->

// <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager" id="transactionManager">

// <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />

// </bean>

@Autowired

private JpaProperties jpaProperties;

@Bean

public JpaVendorAdapter jpaVendorAdapter() {

return new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();

}

@Bean

public EntityManagerFactoryBuilder entityManagerFactoryBuilder() {

return new EntityManagerFactoryBuilder(jpaVendorAdapter(), jpaProperties.getProperties(), null);

}

@Bean

public EntityManager entityManger(EntityManagerFactory factory) {

return factory.createEntityManager();

}

@Bean

public DataSource dataSource(DataSourceProperties baseDataSourceProperties){

DataSource dataSource = DataSourceBuilder

.create(baseDataSourceProperties.getClassLoader())

.driverClassName("org.h2.Driver")

.url("jdbc:h2:mem:testdb;MODE=MySQL")

.username("sa")

.password("")

.build();;

return dataSource;

}

@Bean JpaTransactionManager transactionManager(EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory){

JpaTransactionManager jpaTransactionManager = new JpaTransactionManager();

jpaTransactionManager.setEntityManagerFactory(entityManagerFactory);

return jpaTransactionManager;

}

@Bean

public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory(DataSource dataSource, EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) {

Map<String, Object> hibernateProps = new LinkedHashMap<>();

hibernateProps.putAll(jpaProperties.getHibernateProperties(dataSource));

return builder

.dataSource(dataSource)

.packages(User.class.getPackage().getName())

.properties(hibernateProps).jta(false)

.build();

}

}

 

Test类的主要注解：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@ContextConfiguration(classes={MfgMasterTestConfiguration.class,MfgMasterInMemoryDBConfig.class})

//@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = MfgMasterDataApplication.class)

public class MfgMasterDataApplicationTests {

@Autowired

public DataSource dataSource;

@Before

public void prepareUser(){

try {

dataSource.getConnection().createStatement().executeUpdate("INSERT INTO user (id, email, password, created_by, creation_date, enabled, update_date, updated_by, version, firstname, lastname, language) "

+ "VALUES (-1, 'system@mfg.com', 'system', -1, '2015-03-02 17:36:38', 0, NULL, NULL, 0, 'system', 'system', 'US')");

} catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

@Test

public void contextLoads() {

System.out.println("Done");

}

}